✊ THE BLACK PANTHER • OAKLAND, 1966

SELF-DEFENSE • BREAKFAST • LIBERATION

MERRITT COLLEGE • 56TH & GROVE • HUEY NEWTON + BOBBY SEALE

ALL POWER
TO THE PEOPLE

Two Oakland students wrote a 10-Point Program, patrolled police with law books, and built free breakfasts that fed 20,000 kids — becoming the most influential (and FBI-targeted) movement of the '60s.

POINT 1 — FREEDOM

“We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community.”

POINT 2 — JOBS

Full employment; Oakland's Black unemployment was 2× white rate despite port/shipyard wealth.

POINT 6 — MILITARY

Exemption from Vietnam — “we will not fight to kill other people of color.”

POINT 10 — LAND & JUSTICE

“We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace.”

More than berets: Survival Programs

Called “survival pending revolution” — 60+ programs copied by the US government itself.

🥣 Free Breakfast

20,000 children daily by 1969. FBI called it “the greatest threat.” USDA free lunch today descends from it.

🏥 Free Clinics

Oakland's People's Free Medical Clinics tested for sickle cell when hospitals wouldn't.

📚 Liberation Schools

Oakland Community School (1973–82) — Huey's model school, top test scores, free.

⚖️ COINTELPRO & legacy

FBI's Hoover vowed to “neutralize” Panthers: 1969 Chicago raid killed Fred Hampton; Oakland HQ raided repeatedly. Party dissolved 1982, but legacy lives: cop-watch (now phone cameras), community fridges, and Oakland's 2020 Huey P. Newton memorial at 9th & Center. Visit: African American Museum & Library (Oakland), DeFremery Park rallies site.